Strategic Studies of public policy

Strategic Studies of public policy

meta-analysis on mechanisms and strategies for adaptation to climate change and migration in Iran

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
mohammad ali ahmadi shapourabadi 1
bahman tahmasi 2
1 PhD of Geography and Rural Planning, Management and Planning Organization, Qom, Iran.
2 PhD Student in Geography and Rural Planning, Department of Human Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
10.22034/sspp.2023.563071.3296
Abstract
Through qualitative meta-analysis, this article has examined 42 studies conducted in the field of mechanisms and strategies for adapting to climate change during the years 2013 to 2014. In this article, descriptive information of 9 methodological components related to the studied scientific works is presented. Is. Also, from the point of view of content, emphasizing the integration and classification of adaptation mechanisms to climate change and migration, 94 adaptation mechanisms and solutions with a frequency of 363 have been classified in the form of 7 main strategies. Based on this, more than 60% of the mechanisms and solutions were related to technical, agricultural, and water and soil strategies, and less than 40% of the mechanisms and solutions provided were dedicated to support strategies, policy making, and capacity building. At the end, recommendations of study and policy nature have been proposed in order to organize and prevent climate migrations in the country.
Keywords
climate change
adaptation mechanisms
adaptation strategies
climate migration
meta-analysis
Subjects
References
Arioni, Z., Mohammadi Yeganeh, B., Chiraghi, M., Ainali, J., and Farahani, H. (1401). Investigating factors affecting the performance of villagers to reduce drought with a prospective study: Zanjan city. Rural Development Strategies Quarterly, 9(2), 267-259.
Asgharzadeh Kahrodi, Sh., Momeni, Farshad, and Ghasemi, A. (2018). Identifying the impact of man-made climate change scenarios on Iran's sustainable development, Public Policy Studies Quarterly, 5, (4), 187-209.
Esmailnejad, M., and Alijani, B. (2016). Analysis and ranking of adaptation strategies to climate change from the point of view of the local people under study: Sistan plain. Analysis of Environmental Risk Space, 4(1), 72-63.
Esmailnejad, M., and Pudine, M. (2016). Assessment of adaptability to climate change in the rural areas of South Khorasan. Natural Environment Hazards, 6(11), 85-100.
Amini Faskhudi, A., and Mirzaei, M. (2012). Consequences of water scarcity crisis and drying up of Zayandehroud in rural areas (Case study: Jalga Baran in the east of Isfahan). Local development (rural-urban), 5(2). 157-180.
Afrokhte, H., Azizpour, F., Tahmasabi, A., and Soleimani, A. (2014). Rural adaptation strategies against drought risks (case study: Pashtang village, Ravansar). Environmental Management, 2(3), 354-341.
Ebrahimzadeh, A., and Ismail Nejad, M. (2016). Climate refugees, the future challenge of regional developments, case study: South Khorasan. Geography and Development, 15(48), 1-18.
Edavi, Z., and Tedin, M.R., Baghbani Arani, A. (2018). Forecasting the effect of climate change on potato production in Fereydoun Shahr and evaluating adaptation strategies (change of variety and planting date). Journal of production and processing of agricultural and horticultural products, 9(2), 97-79.
Ansari, S., Masah Bowani, A., and Bagheri, A. (2017). Evaluating solutions to adapt to economic climate change based on social and environmental indicators of water security. Iran Water Resources Research, 14(5), 277-265.
Babania, F., Merid, S., and Shokri, A. (2017). The evaluation of the scale of the current agricultural water management in the Zarinerood basin is based on decision-making settings for adaptation to climate change. Iran's water resources research. 14(5), 31-41.
Jalali, M., Maryam, A., and Mezinanian, Z. (2019). The environmental factor of climate change on national security. Environmental Science and Technology Quarterly, 22(9), 179-190.
Jamshidi, A., Sobhani, M. (1400). Adaptation mechanisms to climate change in the agricultural sector, qualities and prioritization techniques, Iranian Water Resources Research Quarterly, 17(14), 241-229.
Jamshidi, A., Asadi, A., and Kalantari, Kh. (2016). Adaptation mechanisms to climate change of smallholder farmers in Hamadan province. Scientific Journal of Agricultural Extension and Education Sciences of Iran, 13(2), 109-130.
Jamshidi, A., Nouri Zamanabadi, S.H., and Ebrahimi, M. (2014). Adaptation of farmers to climate changes in Sirvan city, Ilam province: and adaptation options. Journal of Rural Planning and Research, 4(2), 79-96.
Heydari, N. (2016). Climate change and adaptation strategies in agriculture. Journal of Scientific Water Management in Agriculture, 4(2), 13-26.
Heydari, N. (2018). Plans and solutions to adapt to climate change from the aspects of agricultural water management and food security. Journal of Scientific Water Management in Agriculture, 6(1), 23-36.
Heydari Tashe Kaboud, Sh., and Hosseini, S.A. (2018). Providing a strategic plan for water consumption efficiency in the country in order to adapt to climate change. Newar, 43(106), 12-24.
Daneshgar, H., Bagheri, M., and Mardani Najafabadi, M. (1400). Evaluation of climate change messages and adaptation strategies in Bushehr province. Scientific Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development, 35(1), 63-78.
Delavar, A. (1376). Theoretical and practical foundations of research in humanities and social sciences. Tehran: Rushd Publications.
Dehghanpour, M., Yazdanpanah, M., Farozani, M., and Abdullahzadeh, G.H. (2019). Evaluation and prioritization of agricultural adaptation policies to climate change in Fars province. Journal of Economic Research and Agricultural Development of Iran, 51(4), 795-777.
Rostamalizadeh, V., Vothoghi, M., and Imani Jajermi, H. (2012). Migration, community development and rural welfare in Shabestar city. Local Development (Rural-Urban), 5(2), 23-48.
Iranian Migration Observatory (1401). Iranian Migration Yearbook 1401. [Link]
Iranian Migration Observatory (2018). Adapting to climate change: an alternative solution to migration. [link]
Rezaei Zaman, M., and Afrozi, A. (2014). Assessment of climate change on crop performance and providing a strategy for changing the cultivation pattern (case study: Simine Roud Basin). Journal of Water and Soil Resources, 4(4), 51-64.
Zahedi, S. (2018). Globalization and sustainable development. Strategic Public Policy Studies Quarterly, 2(3), 1-18. [link]
Zainli Mubarakeh, Z., Dihimfred, R., and Cambusia, J. (2018). Evaluation of climate change and methods of adapting to it on the yield and efficiency of water use of water wheat (Triticumaestivum): a case study of Razavi Khorasan Province. Journal of Plant Production Research, 26(3), 71-87.
Sarani, H., Hamidianpour, M., and Tayabnia, S. (1400). Villagers' attitude towards climate variability and ways to adapt to it (Case: Hirmand villagers). Human Settlements Planning Studies, 16(2), 378-365.
Sawari, M., and Shaukti Amghani, M. (2018). Identifying adaptation strategies of small-scale farmers in dealing with drought in West Azarbaijan province. Spatial Planning, 9(4), 17-42.
Soleimani, M., Rahimi, D., and Yazdan-Panah, H. (1400). Adaptation strategies to climate change in the agricultural sector (Rostam city). Natural Environment Hazards, 10(29), 19-32.
Soltani, S., and Mousavi, S.H. (2014). lack of irrigation and improvement of irrigation technology; Optimum strategies for adapting to climate variability. Agricultural Economics, 9(4), 149-121.
Environmental Protection Organization. (2016). National Climate Change Strategy Program. [link]
Supreme Council of Land Development. (2019). National document of land preparation. [link]
Shabanali Fami, H., Sawari, M., Mishta, M., Mohammadzadeh Nasrabadi, M., Afshari, S., and Beqaei, M. (2019). Analyzing adaptation strategies of small scale farmers to drought conditions in Isfahan province. Space Planning and Design, 24(1), 21-47.
Sahrai, F., Mehrab Quchani, A., Ghorbani, A., Razvanfar, A., and Ghanian, M. (2018). Clarifying the intention of farmers to adapt to dust; The developed model of conservation motivation theory. Agricultural extension and education research, 12(3). 15-24.
Salehi, S., and Pazoukinejad, Z. (1400). Adaptation of villagers to climate changes and its relationship with social factors (case study: villagers of Babolsar city - Mazandaran province). Strategic Researches of Iran's Social Issues, 10(1), 47-70.
Salavati, b. (1402). "Climate migration warning is not a bleak view". Our message newspaper. June 31. Available at: [31/03/1402] [Link]
Tahmasabi, A., Kadermarzi, H., Rahimi, F., and Azizi, S. (1400). Understanding and adaptation strategy of local communities of Meshkin Shahr towards climate change. Local Development (Rural-Urban), 13(2), 637-609.
Adalat Moghadam, M. (1401). Resilience of societies against the effects of climatic events; No to immigration. Science and Technology Policy, 12(4), 80-98.
Abdullahzadeh, G.H., Ezhderpour, A., and Sharifzadeh, M.H. (2016). Investigating villagers' perceptions of climate change and adaptation strategies in Zabul city. Environmental Geography and Planning, 28(4), 85-406.
Arian, S., Shabiri, S.M., and Farajollahi, M. (2016). An analysis of the role of the national climate change strategy program on the expansion of knowledge, attitude and society's performance in order to reduce and adapt to climate change in Iran. Environmental Education and Sustainable Development Quarterly, 6(1), 115-129.
Azizi Khalkhili, T., Zamani, G.H., and Karmi, Ezzatoleh (2015). Adaptation of farmers to climatic fluctuations: existing problems and obstacles and proposed solutions. Scientific Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development, 30(3), 159-148.
Farajzadeh, M., Madani Larijani, K., Masah Bowani, A., and Toder, R. (2013). The effect of climate change on the reliability of water supply downstream of the Karkheh dam and its adaptation strategies. Journal of Water and Soil Resources Protection, 3(3), 49-63.
Qudsi, N., Nastern, M., and Ghasemi, V. (1401). Socio-spatial isolation in Iran: systematic review and qualitative meta-analysis. Scientific Journal of Urban Studies, 11(44), 79-94.
Kazemian, G., Elwani, S. M., Ghorbanzadeh, V., Jalili, M. (1400). Scientific Quarterly of Strategic Studies of Public Policy. 11(40), 476-454. [link]
Keshavarz, M. (2017). Analyzing the degree of adaptation of agricultural management strategies to climate change: a case study of Fars province. Scientific Journal of Agricultural Extension and Education Sciences of Iran, 14(2), 107-123.
Kokhaki, A., and Nasiri Mahalati, M. (2015). The impact of climate change on Iran's agriculture: 2- Crop production forecast and adaptation strategies. Scientific Journal of Agricultural Research of Iran, 14(1), 1-20.
Leith, N., Rostami, F., and Ali Beigi, A.H. (1400). Solutions to improve the resilience of farmers against drought from the point of view of study experts in Miandoab city. Geography and Development, 19(65), 98-77.
Levine, K., Kashor, B., Berstein, A., and Old, G. (2015). Overcoming the tragedy of hyperbole: Limiting future self-interest to ameliorate global climate change. Strategic Public Policy Studies Quarterly, 6(21), 270-292.
Mishta, M., Asadi, A., Shabanalifami, H., and Kalantari, Kh. (1401). Studying farmers' semantic understanding of climate change in small-scale exploitation units in Hamadan province. Local Development (Rural-Urban), 14(1), 253-233.
Mushfiq, M., and Hosseini, Q. (2012). Optimal population distribution and immigration policies in Iran: prioritizing global experiences from the perspective of Iranian experts. Bi Quarterly of Population Studies, 1(1), 9-31.
Mirzaei, A., and Sebet, M. (2019). Investigating adaptive strategies for managing agricultural water resources under climate change in the catchment area of Halil River. Scientific Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development, 34(4), 419-397.
Melai, F., Hosseini, S.M., Hejazi, S.Y., and Pishbin, S.A. (2017). Explaining adaptation strategies of South Khorasan province farmers to climate change. Scientific Journal of Agricultural Extension and Education Sciences of Iran, 14(2), 105-83.
Vali Qolizadeh, A. (2018). Explaining the economic effects of climate change in the life of human societies. Journal of Geographical Space, 19(67), 161-198.
Task, A. (1401). "The beginning of climatic migration in Iran". Hamshahri news papar. April 30. Available at: [30/01/1401] [link]
Houshmandan Moghadam Fard, Z., Shams, A., Yaqoubi, J., Saba, J., and Asakere, H. (2019). Investigating the effective factors on the adaptation behavior of farmers to climate changes in Zanjan province. Scientific Research Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 30 (3), 251-231.
Adger, W.N., Agrawala, S., Mirza, M.M.Q., Conde, C., O’Brien, K., Pulhin, J. & Takahashi, K., (2007). Assessment of adaptation practices, options, constraints and capacity, Climate change, Cambridge, Pp 717- 743.
Abbass, K., Qasim, M. Z., Song, H., Murshed, M., Mahmood, H., & Younis, I. (2022). A review of the global climate change impacts, adaptation, and sustainable mitigation measures. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(28), 42539-42559.
Callaghan, M., Schleussner, C. F., Nath, S.,Lejeune, Q., Knutson, T. R., Reichstein, M., et al.(2021). “Machine-Learning-Based Evidence And Attribution Mapping Of 100,000 Climate Impact Studies”. Nature climate change, 11(11), pp. 966972.
Engle, N. L. (2011). Adaptive capacity and its assessment. Global environmental change, 21(2), 647-656.
Feliciano, D., Recha, J., Ambaw, G., MacSween, K., Solomon, D., & Wollenberg, E. (2022). Assessment of agricultural emissions, climate change mitigation and adaptation practices in Ethiopia. Climate policy, 22(4), 427-444.
Grundmann, R. (2007). Climate change and knowledge politics. Environmental politics, 16(3), 414-432. 
Ifeanyi-Obi, C.C., Etuk, U.R., Jike-Wai, O., (2012). Climate change, effects and adaptation strategies; Implication for Agricultural extension system in Nigeria, Greener journal of Agricultural sciences, Vol 2 (2), Nigeria, Pp 53-60. 
IPCC, [Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (Eds.)]. (2014). “Syn-thesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assess-ment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change”. IPCC. Swit-zerland. 151.
IPCC. (2014). Climate change 2014: Impacts, adaptation,and vulnerability: Regional aspects. Cambridge University Press, UK [Link]
Ionesco, D., Mokhnacheva, D. and Gemenne, F. (2017). The Atlas of Environmental Migration. Routledge
Issar, A. S. (2010). Climate change as a draw bridge between Africa and the Middle East. Global and Planetary Change, 72(4), 451-454.
Kurukulasuriya, P., & Rosenthal, S. (2013). Climate change and agriculture: A review of impacts and adaptations.
Liu, Wenbin., Sun, Fubao., Lim, Wee Ho., Zhang, Jie., Wang, Hong., Shiogama, Hideo., and Zhang, Yuqing. (2018). Global drought and severe drought-affected populations in 1.5 and 2ºC warmer worlds. Earth Syst. Dynam, 9, 267-283. 
Leal Filho, W., Azeiteiro, U. M., Balogun, A. L., Setti, A. F. F., Mucova, S. A., Ayal, D., ... & Oguge, N. O. (2021). The influence of ecosystems services depletion to climate change adaptation efforts in Africa. Science of The Total Environment, 779, 146414.
Pradhan, N.S., Sijapati, S., and Bajracharya, S.R. (2015). Farmers' responses to climate change impact on water availability: insights from the Indrawati Basin in Nepal. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 31(2), 269-283.
Ruszkiewicz, J. A., Tinkov, A. A., Skalny, A. V., Siokas, V., Dardiotis, E., Tsatsakis, A., ... & Aschner, M. (2019). Brain diseases in changing climate. Environmental research, 177, 108637.
Scherpenzeel, A. C., & Saris, W. E. (1997). The validity and reliability of survey questions: A meta-analysis of MTMM studies. Sociological Methods & Research, 25(3), 341-383.
Smit, B., & Pilifosova, O. (2003). Adaptation to climate change in the context of sustainable development and equity. Sustainable Development, 8(9), 9. [Link]
Smit, B., & Skinner, M. W. (2002). Adaptation options in agriculture to climate change: a typology. Mitigation and adaptation strategies for global change, 7(1), 85-114. 
Maddison, D. (2007). The perception of and adaptation to climate change in Africa (Vol. 4308). World Bank Publications.
Mendelsohn, R., & Davis, E. W. (2001). Global warming and the American economy. A regional assessment of climate change impacts. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK. 
Mazhin, S. A., Khankeh, H., Farrokhi, M., Aminizadeh, M., & Poursadeqiyan, M. (2020). Migration health crisis associated with climate change: A systematic review. Journal of education and health promotion, 9.
Strategic Studies of public policy
Volume 13, Issue 49
Winter 2024
Pages 34-69