Center of Strategic StudiesStrategic Studies of public policy2538-5038134620230421Analysis of mechanisms for creating non-financial values of venture capitalists for start-up companiesAnalysis of mechanisms for creating non-financial values of venture capitalists for start-up companies23769989010.22034/sspp.2022.561794.3284FAMiladHomayounizadehPhD Candidate of Technology Management, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, IranSorushGhazi NooriAssociate Professor, Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Allameh Tabataba’i University,
Tehran, Iran.JahanyarBamdadsufiAssociate Professor, Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Allameh Tabataba’i University,
Tehran, Iran.MohammadNaghizadehAssistant Professor, Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Allameh Tabataba’i University,
Tehran, IranJournal Article20220909Venture capitalists have a role to play in providing their startups with more than just funding and creating value for their start-ups. The present research, using the case study method, investigates the cooperation pattern of venture capitalists and startups companies through the analysis of 6 risky investments made in the period (1393-1400) through 23 semi-structured interviews with venture capitalists and start-ups, examines the mechanisms of non-financial value creation using qualitative interview content analysis and centralized coding.<br /><br />The results of this study show that the creation of non-financial values of venture capitalists has two general external and internal orientations. The results also indicate that not all venture capitalists are necessarily able to create non-financial value in all areas, and it is necessary for such investors to consider the simultaneous and balanced development of non-financial value-creating capabilities in their long-term approaches and select start-ups.<br /><br />Start-up companies should also pay attention to the selection of venture capitalists and determine their expectations from this investment to prevent possible conflicts in interaction with this type of investors.Venture capitalists have a role to play in providing their startups with more than just funding and creating value for their start-ups. The present research, using the case study method, investigates the cooperation pattern of venture capitalists and startups companies through the analysis of 6 risky investments made in the period (1393-1400) through 23 semi-structured interviews with venture capitalists and start-ups, examines the mechanisms of non-financial value creation using qualitative interview content analysis and centralized coding.<br /><br />The results of this study show that the creation of non-financial values of venture capitalists has two general external and internal orientations. The results also indicate that not all venture capitalists are necessarily able to create non-financial value in all areas, and it is necessary for such investors to consider the simultaneous and balanced development of non-financial value-creating capabilities in their long-term approaches and select start-ups.<br /><br />Start-up companies should also pay attention to the selection of venture capitalists and determine their expectations from this investment to prevent possible conflicts in interaction with this type of investors.https://sspp.iranjournals.ir/article_699890_d5574c454b8c3c1b7922d8043868120b.pdfCenter of Strategic StudiesStrategic Studies of public policy2538-5038134620230421Intellectual Property Policy in Macro Cooperative Researchs (as a Case: National Macro Research Projects of the Supreme Council for Science, Research and Technology)Intellectual Property Policy in Macro Cooperative Researchs (as a Case: National Macro Research Projects of the Supreme Council for Science, Research and Technology)386569989210.22034/sspp.2022.550988.3169FASamiraNadirkhanlouPh.D, National Research Institute for Science Policy, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-8653-4879MehdiGoudarziAssociate Professor, Technology and Entrepreneurship Department, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Allameh Tabataba’i
University, Tehran, Iran.ArashMousaviAssistant Professor, Science and Research Policy Department, National Research Institute for Science Policy, Tehran, Iran.MohammadAbooyee ArdakanAssociate Professor, Public Administration Department, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.Seyed SepehrGhazinooryProfessor, IT Management Department, Faculty of Management and Economics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-6761-4694Journal Article20220326The prevalence of participation in large-scale research projects among different actors from the industry, governments, and academia makes the occurrence of challenges more likely in the field of intellectual property. This could be mainly attributed to the diversity of different participants, each with different interests and motivations. Therefore, in such projects it becomes crucial to develop an intellectual property policy. In Iran, the national macro research projects of the Supreme Council of Science, Research and Technology are an example of such partnerships, and in this paper, there has been an attempt to recommend a special policy for them. In this regard, the opinions of three groups of intellectual property experts and collaborators in macro research projects were obtained. The opinions are regarding the different states of the main intellectual property issues, in the three stages of (i) prior to, (ii) during and (iii) after the termination of the partnership. The statistical index of the cluster mode of the questions were first calculated. Then by obtaining the acceptable agreement coefficient, the appropriate content of the intellectual property policy in each of these three stages was proposed for national grand projects. Among the proposed recommendations was the necessity of determination of issues such as: previous intellectual assets, intellectual assets expected from the project, ownership and payment of related expenses and their confidentiality considerations at the time of the submission of proposals by the participating parties in the projects.The prevalence of participation in large-scale research projects among different actors from the industry, governments, and academia makes the occurrence of challenges more likely in the field of intellectual property. This could be mainly attributed to the diversity of different participants, each with different interests and motivations. Therefore, in such projects it becomes crucial to develop an intellectual property policy. In Iran, the national macro research projects of the Supreme Council of Science, Research and Technology are an example of such partnerships, and in this paper, there has been an attempt to recommend a special policy for them. In this regard, the opinions of three groups of intellectual property experts and collaborators in macro research projects were obtained. The opinions are regarding the different states of the main intellectual property issues, in the three stages of (i) prior to, (ii) during and (iii) after the termination of the partnership. The statistical index of the cluster mode of the questions were first calculated. Then by obtaining the acceptable agreement coefficient, the appropriate content of the intellectual property policy in each of these three stages was proposed for national grand projects. Among the proposed recommendations was the necessity of determination of issues such as: previous intellectual assets, intellectual assets expected from the project, ownership and payment of related expenses and their confidentiality considerations at the time of the submission of proposals by the participating parties in the projects.https://sspp.iranjournals.ir/article_699892_d9087574859bf2a8fe271fccee1ed3eb.pdfCenter of Strategic StudiesStrategic Studies of public policy2538-5038134620230421Designing Public Participation Model in Iranian Educational Policies by Multi-Method OrientationDesigning Public Participation Model in Iranian Educational Policies by Multi-Method Orientation669370156310.22034/sspp.2023.562459.3291FAHamidrezaEbrahimikiasariPh.D. Candidate, Department of Public Administration, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran.0000-0003-0943-4801Seyyed MehdiAlvaniDepartment of Public Administration, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran0000-0002-1298-2131GholamrezaMemarzadehDepartment of Public Administration, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, IranJournal Article20220920In recent decades Iranian public education system faced enormous challenges and issues in the area of planning, performance, and interaction among stockholders. Nevertheless, little wonder that by gaining the trust of parents and attracting their efforts, there will be a novel approach to the issues. This research aims to address educational policy issues through public participation. First of all, a qualitative method, the meta-synthesis had been used to identify the main components of participation. Initial findings have been 9 main components which are: citizen’s empowerment and beliefs, justice, information flow, quality and quantity of information, executive agencies, legal support, social factors, and the impacts of previous policies. The qualitative-quantitative method, ISM, then, has been used to discover the final model. In the final model, a five-level shape appeared. This ladder-shaped model requires entering each stage by ensuring a certain level of confidence in the previous stage. At the bottom of the model, the result of previous policies and social factors are the primary forces of society to participate. On the next level, legal support is necessary to create a participatory culture in the atmosphere of public opinion and the administrative structure of the educational system. Justice is a manifestation of the realization of a participatory culture in society resulting in opening a special account on the trends of citizenship. The final model of research requires a balance action by causal view but with culturist approach that will enable us to have participation maturity in the education system.In recent decades Iranian public education system faced enormous challenges and issues in the area of planning, performance, and interaction among stockholders. Nevertheless, little wonder that by gaining the trust of parents and attracting their efforts, there will be a novel approach to the issues. This research aims to address educational policy issues through public participation. First of all, a qualitative method, the meta-synthesis had been used to identify the main components of participation. Initial findings have been 9 main components which are: citizen’s empowerment and beliefs, justice, information flow, quality and quantity of information, executive agencies, legal support, social factors, and the impacts of previous policies. The qualitative-quantitative method, ISM, then, has been used to discover the final model. In the final model, a five-level shape appeared. This ladder-shaped model requires entering each stage by ensuring a certain level of confidence in the previous stage. At the bottom of the model, the result of previous policies and social factors are the primary forces of society to participate. On the next level, legal support is necessary to create a participatory culture in the atmosphere of public opinion and the administrative structure of the educational system. Justice is a manifestation of the realization of a participatory culture in society resulting in opening a special account on the trends of citizenship. The final model of research requires a balance action by causal view but with culturist approach that will enable us to have participation maturity in the education system.https://sspp.iranjournals.ir/article_701563_83643eb4c91259d4b29a86c753f2cc00.pdfCenter of Strategic StudiesStrategic Studies of public policy2538-5038134620230421Policy Entrepreneurs Strategies in Creating and Exploiting Policy Windows in Iran's Energy Sector; The Case of IGT25 TurbinePolicy Entrepreneurs Strategies in Creating and Exploiting Policy Windows in Iran's Energy Sector; The Case of IGT25 Turbine9412370484410.22034/sspp.2023.1988068.3377FASeyed AliHosseiniPhD Student, Department of Technology and Entrepreneurship Management, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Allameh
Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran.MahdiElyasiAssociate Professor, Department of Technology and Entrepreneurship Management, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Allameh
Tabataba’i University, Tehran, IranSeyed SoroushGhazinooriAssociate Professor, Department of Technology and Entrepreneurship Management, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Allameh
Tabataba’i University, Tehran, IranJahanyarBamdadsoofiAssociate Professor, Department of Operation Management and Information Technology, Faculty of Management and Accounting,
Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20230124Iran's energy industry has been investigated from different points of view such as innovation systems, technological catch-up and corporate strategies. The purpose of this research is to understand the role of leadership, regardless of the structural and functional elements of innovation systems, in technological developments in Iran's energy sector. In fact, this research has sought to clarify the role of the policy entrepreneur and his interaction with other key players in the process of policy changes in specific time periods that are referred to as windows of opportunity. Therefore, in addition to understanding the policy entrepreneurship process, the interaction between the policy entrepreneur and the innovation leader in recognizing the problems and providing solutions in order to create and exploit windows of opportunity has also been examined. In this regard, the case study method has been used to investigate one of the most important experiences of capability development in Iran's energy industry, i.e. the production of IGT25 turbine, and thematic analysis method has been used to analyze the data. The results of the research show that the evolution of technological capabilities, sanctions and entrepreneur's strategies such as persuasion of opponents, ideation and display of capabilities have created a window of opportunity to develop turbine production and design capabilities. In addition, the simultaneous occurrence of political entrepreneurship and innovation leadership, common backgrounds and their interaction is an important factor in the success of policy changes.Iran's energy industry has been investigated from different points of view such as innovation systems, technological catch-up and corporate strategies. The purpose of this research is to understand the role of leadership, regardless of the structural and functional elements of innovation systems, in technological developments in Iran's energy sector. In fact, this research has sought to clarify the role of the policy entrepreneur and his interaction with other key players in the process of policy changes in specific time periods that are referred to as windows of opportunity. Therefore, in addition to understanding the policy entrepreneurship process, the interaction between the policy entrepreneur and the innovation leader in recognizing the problems and providing solutions in order to create and exploit windows of opportunity has also been examined. In this regard, the case study method has been used to investigate one of the most important experiences of capability development in Iran's energy industry, i.e. the production of IGT25 turbine, and thematic analysis method has been used to analyze the data. The results of the research show that the evolution of technological capabilities, sanctions and entrepreneur's strategies such as persuasion of opponents, ideation and display of capabilities have created a window of opportunity to develop turbine production and design capabilities. In addition, the simultaneous occurrence of political entrepreneurship and innovation leadership, common backgrounds and their interaction is an important factor in the success of policy changes.https://sspp.iranjournals.ir/article_704844_a567634adc8f90d7d6bfa47730a3373c.pdfCenter of Strategic StudiesStrategic Studies of public policy2538-5038134620230421Identifying and selecting the characteristics of a suitable policy laboratory for the executive branch of the Islamic Republic of IranIdentifying and selecting the characteristics of a suitable policy laboratory for the executive branch of the Islamic Republic of Iran12414170473810.22034/sspp.2023.1983442.3349FAMohammad HasanIzadparastDoctoral student, Department of Management, Public Administration, Policy Making and Public Decision Making, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranAli AsgharPourezzatProfessor, Department of Management, public Administration, Faculty of Management and Faculty Governance, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran0009-0007-2083-7392AlirezaAmirkabiriAssociate Professor, Department of Management, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20230304The policy laboratory consists of teams, institutions and structures specializing in the design of public policies and involves all stakeholders in the design process using innovative methods. The policies in the laboratory can be considered like the laying of rails, indicating the direction of all the movements and behaviors of the studied governance system.<br /><br />Among the types of public policies, the policies of the executive branch have a tangible reflection on people's lives. <br /><br />Based on this, the aim of the current research is to design a superior laboratory system for the continuous testing of the policies of the executive branch of the Islamic Republic of Iran with a qualitative approach, and it tries to select the characteristics of a suitable policy laboratory for the executive branch.<br /><br />The current research is of an applied type and in terms of method, descriptive-survey, and its main strategy is the comparative study of various policy laboratories suitable for the executive branch of the country of I.R.I.<br /><br />The community of experts in the current research is 20 scientific and executive experts who used the snowball method and targeted statistics and semi-structured interviews were used to collect information.<br /><br />The results of the current research, in addition to identifying the four basic approaches of the living laboratory, data-based policy making, behavioral insight and serious game approach, the structure of the policy laboratory of the executive branch according to the diversity of issues in a decentralized (divergent) manner and with active participation in the field explains various.The policy laboratory consists of teams, institutions and structures specializing in the design of public policies and involves all stakeholders in the design process using innovative methods. The policies in the laboratory can be considered like the laying of rails, indicating the direction of all the movements and behaviors of the studied governance system.<br /><br />Among the types of public policies, the policies of the executive branch have a tangible reflection on people's lives. <br /><br />Based on this, the aim of the current research is to design a superior laboratory system for the continuous testing of the policies of the executive branch of the Islamic Republic of Iran with a qualitative approach, and it tries to select the characteristics of a suitable policy laboratory for the executive branch.<br /><br />The current research is of an applied type and in terms of method, descriptive-survey, and its main strategy is the comparative study of various policy laboratories suitable for the executive branch of the country of I.R.I.<br /><br />The community of experts in the current research is 20 scientific and executive experts who used the snowball method and targeted statistics and semi-structured interviews were used to collect information.<br /><br />The results of the current research, in addition to identifying the four basic approaches of the living laboratory, data-based policy making, behavioral insight and serious game approach, the structure of the policy laboratory of the executive branch according to the diversity of issues in a decentralized (divergent) manner and with active participation in the field explains various.https://sspp.iranjournals.ir/article_704738_7092a621cf65db6f7bcc46507a5ca195.pdfCenter of Strategic StudiesStrategic Studies of public policy2538-5038134620230421Presenting a Model for Internationalization of Electronic Businesses in IranPresenting a Model for Internationalization of Electronic Businesses in Iran14216570483610.22034/sspp.2023.563257.3300FAAlirezaJavidarabshahiPhD student, Department of Entrepreneurship Management, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran0009-0006-6612-2475MohamadSadeghKhayyatianAssistant Professor, Institute of Fundamental Studies of Science and Technology, Shahid Beheshti UniversityKamalSakhdariMember of the Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of TehranJournal Article20221010The current business environment has changed dramatically over the past few years. Major transformations were underway before the global pandemic, but with the outbreak of the Corona virus and the subsequent global recession, the business landscape has shifted dramatically towards electronicization. Therefore, achieving a model that can help the growth of Iranian businesses in this new environment; It is important. For this purpose, the model of internationalization of Iranian electronic businesses has been presented in this research. This qualitative research has been conducted with thematic analysis method and Iranian electronic businesses active at different international levels (from indirect export to establishing a production center in the target country) have been selected as the statistical population of the research. Based on the research results; First, the institutional components, industrial and organizational environment effective on internationalization are identified, then the internationalization strategies are specified and then the internationalization model is explained. Finally, policy recommendations and practical suggestions are provided based on the research results.The current business environment has changed dramatically over the past few years. Major transformations were underway before the global pandemic, but with the outbreak of the Corona virus and the subsequent global recession, the business landscape has shifted dramatically towards electronicization. Therefore, achieving a model that can help the growth of Iranian businesses in this new environment; It is important. For this purpose, the model of internationalization of Iranian electronic businesses has been presented in this research. This qualitative research has been conducted with thematic analysis method and Iranian electronic businesses active at different international levels (from indirect export to establishing a production center in the target country) have been selected as the statistical population of the research. Based on the research results; First, the institutional components, industrial and organizational environment effective on internationalization are identified, then the internationalization strategies are specified and then the internationalization model is explained. Finally, policy recommendations and practical suggestions are provided based on the research results.https://sspp.iranjournals.ir/article_704836_5acf1b5f9c56e0c8b73f1bebf9545f92.pdfCenter of Strategic StudiesStrategic Studies of public policy2538-5038134620230421Evaluation of Iran’s unemployment benefit scheme during Corona crisisEvaluation of Iran’s unemployment benefit scheme during Corona crisis16618570465810.22034/sspp.2023.1987173.3367FANargesAkbarpour-RoshanAssistant Professor in Economics, Institute for Humanities and Cultural StudiesJournal Article20230110Policy evaluation is the missing part of policymaking in general and social policymaking in particular in Iran. This has caused implementing of some similar projects with the same goals under different titles during different periods which resulted similar unsuccessful experiences, despite spending a lot of money. In this regard, the purpose of this research is to evaluate a scheme which was implemented to support the unemployed from Coronavirus Pandemic in Iran. This research is an applied research in terms of purpose and is a descriptive-analytical research in terms of methodology, which uses document analysis and interviews with experts and key informants to evaluate Corona Unemployment Benefit Scheme from administrative, judicial and political dimensions. In the administrative evaluation, the criteria introduced by the OECD have been used according to the available data and information. The results show that the scheme had serious shortcomings in providing adequate and timely support to those involved, but acceptable results in expanding coverage among the target population and reducing referrals to executive branches have been achieved. The results of this evaluation emphasize the need for a means-tested unemployment assistance scheme in the country.Policy evaluation is the missing part of policymaking in general and social policymaking in particular in Iran. This has caused implementing of some similar projects with the same goals under different titles during different periods which resulted similar unsuccessful experiences, despite spending a lot of money. In this regard, the purpose of this research is to evaluate a scheme which was implemented to support the unemployed from Coronavirus Pandemic in Iran. This research is an applied research in terms of purpose and is a descriptive-analytical research in terms of methodology, which uses document analysis and interviews with experts and key informants to evaluate Corona Unemployment Benefit Scheme from administrative, judicial and political dimensions. In the administrative evaluation, the criteria introduced by the OECD have been used according to the available data and information. The results show that the scheme had serious shortcomings in providing adequate and timely support to those involved, but acceptable results in expanding coverage among the target population and reducing referrals to executive branches have been achieved. The results of this evaluation emphasize the need for a means-tested unemployment assistance scheme in the country.https://sspp.iranjournals.ir/article_704658_7c935364b85db1984a088cfdeaa4590c.pdfCenter of Strategic StudiesStrategic Studies of public policy2538-5038134620230421Comparative Analysis of Fiscal Policies and Measures of Selected Countries in Confronting Coronavirus PandemicComparative Analysis of Fiscal Policies and Measures of Selected Countries in Confronting Coronavirus Pandemic18620070466310.22034/sspp.2023.553730.3194FAYounesNobakhtDepartment of Finance and Accounting, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey0000-0002-1764-684XJournal Article20230214The coronavirus pandemic has led to different fiscal policies and measures the governments against the negative economic effects of this disease. This article aims to analyze the financial policies and measures of Spain, Italy, and France comparatively in the face of this pandemic. The present research is applied and has been done using qualitative methods. The required data and information have also been extracted and used by referring to reliable global information bases such as OECD. The findings of the research show that the selected countries under study have organized their fiscal policies in the face of Covid-19 in the form of three main groups; direct financial supports, tax supports, and bank supports. These supports in the early months of the pandemic show their focus on the health and treatment sector. However, with the widening of the pandemic, the governments, while paying attention to this sector, have also supported other affected or vulnerable sectors. In any case, controlling Covid-19 through vaccination and social quarantine along with appropriate fiscal policies and measures minimizes the negative economic effects, such as reduced production and investment. However, what makes the effectiveness of these measures different among countries is not only the “type of policies” but also the “implementation time”, “flexibility” and “continuity” of these policies until the end of the epidemic and even for several years after that. Moreover, correct, obvious, and timely information is the most crucial prerequisite for the success of any type of fiscal policy, which should be considered by policymakers.The coronavirus pandemic has led to different fiscal policies and measures the governments against the negative economic effects of this disease. This article aims to analyze the financial policies and measures of Spain, Italy, and France comparatively in the face of this pandemic. The present research is applied and has been done using qualitative methods. The required data and information have also been extracted and used by referring to reliable global information bases such as OECD. The findings of the research show that the selected countries under study have organized their fiscal policies in the face of Covid-19 in the form of three main groups; direct financial supports, tax supports, and bank supports. These supports in the early months of the pandemic show their focus on the health and treatment sector. However, with the widening of the pandemic, the governments, while paying attention to this sector, have also supported other affected or vulnerable sectors. In any case, controlling Covid-19 through vaccination and social quarantine along with appropriate fiscal policies and measures minimizes the negative economic effects, such as reduced production and investment. However, what makes the effectiveness of these measures different among countries is not only the “type of policies” but also the “implementation time”, “flexibility” and “continuity” of these policies until the end of the epidemic and even for several years after that. Moreover, correct, obvious, and timely information is the most crucial prerequisite for the success of any type of fiscal policy, which should be considered by policymakers.https://sspp.iranjournals.ir/article_704663_8eb7de5b63018c5d7160fd2e746cd8db.pdf