Iranian Nurses Facing covid 19: Experiences, Challenges and Opportunities

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Cultural Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Social Welfare, Faculty of Social Sciences, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Being at the center of risk and taking responsibility for caring of covid 19 patients has attracted a lot of media and professional attention to nurses and the nursing profession and has helped to create a new image of them in all countries in crisis. Professional ethics and medical ethics were constantly rethought during this crisis, leading nurses to a different understanding of the importance of their professional roles. The present article seeks to recognize the lived experience of Iranian nurses in the Covid 19 crisis. For this purpose, through semi-structured interviews with sixteen nurses involved in service delivery and thematic analysis of the results, categories such as negative emotions and high stress in the early stages, positive attitude changes and empirical experience were extracted. The importance of rethinking the biomedical discourse and its multifaceted and generalized effects on the status of the nursing profession were other results of this study. This study points to the importance of nurses' expertise and technical knowledge along with the multidimensional nature of this profession as a profession that requires technical and cognitive knowledge. It also emphasizes the importance of psychological and legal support and the need for multifaceted attention to the situation of nurses and their role in the overall health system, especially in pandemics, multilateral measures and the importance of discourse developments in the field of health.

Keywords

Main Subjects


اسکمبلر، گ. (1386). هابرماس، نظریه انتقادی و سلامت [ترجمه ح. نوذری، ترجمه فارسی]. تهران: م‍وس‍س‍ه‌ ع‍ال‍ی‌ پ‍ژوه‍ش‌ ت‍أم‍ی‍ن‌ اج‍ت‍م‍اع‍ی.‌
فروغی، س.، الحانی، ف.، سعید. کاظم‌نژاد، ا.، و زارعیان، آ. (1395). تبیین نقش ارزش‌ها در اخلاق حرفه‌ای پرستاری، یک مطالعه تماتیک. یافته، 18(1)، .64-56
پاک‌پور، و.، و دیگران. (1393). نگرش پرستاران نسبت به همکاری حرفه‌ای پرستاران و پزشکان. حیات،20(1)، 74-85.
 شارعی‌نیا، ح.، خدادادی، ا.، ندایی، ه.، و حسینی، م. (1397). ارزش‌های حرفه‌ای و اخلاقی ارایه مراقبت‌های پرستاری از دیدگاه پرستاران. نشریه پرستاری ایران، 31(112)، 44-55.
رستمی، ح.، رحمانی، آ.، و قهرمانیان، ا. (1389). ارتباط حرفه‌ای بین پرستاران و پزشکان از دیدگاه پرستاران. مجله دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی بویه گرگان، 7(1)، .71-63
صادقی، ا.، گهرلو ارکواز، ع. چراغی، ف.، و مقیم بیگی، ع. (1397). بررسی رضایت شغلی پرستاران شاغل در مراکز آموزشی درمانی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی همدان. مجله مراقبت پرستاری و مامایی ابن سینا، 26(1)، .48-40
صالحی، ع.، ذکایی، م. س.، و اخلاصی، ا. (1398). اقتدار پزشکی، از خشونت تا دگرفهمی: مطالعه‌ای قوم نگارانه در شهر تهران. فصلنامه علوم اجتماعی، 26(85)، 136-164.
میرزابیگی، غ.، و دیگران. (1388). رضایت شغلی پرستاران ایران. حیات، 15(1)، .51-49
ﻳﺰدان ﻧﻴﻚ، ا. ر.، ﻳﻮﺳﻔﻲ، ع. ﻣﺤﻤﺪی، س.، و آرازی، ت. م. (1393). ﻧﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﮔﺬرا ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻫﺎی ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در آﻣﻮزش داﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ دوره ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎری اﻳﺮان. مجله ایرانی آموزش در علوم پزشکی، 14(4)، .331-323
References
Aghili, S. M., & Arbabi, M. (2020). The Covid-19 pandemic and health care providers: What does it mean psychologically? Advanced Journal of Emergency Medicine, 4(2s), e63. https://fem.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fem/article/view/419
Chang, D., Xu, H., Rebaza, A., Sharma, L., & Dela Cruz, C. S. (2020). Protecting health-care workers from subclinical coronavirus infection. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 8(3), E13. [DOI:10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30066-7]
Chen, Q., et al. (2020). Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(4), E15-6 [DOI:10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30078-X]
Cockerham, W. C. (2013). Medical sociology on the move: New directions in theory. Birmingham: Springer [DOI:10.1007/978-94-007-6193-3]
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). (2021). COVID-19 situation update worldwide, as of 28. Retrieved from https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/geographical-distribution-2019-ncov-cases
Foroughi, S., Alhani, F., Kazemnejad, A., & Zareiyan, A. (2016). [The ethical values in professional nursing ethics: A thematic analysis (Persian)]. Yafteh, 18(1), 56-64. https://yafte.lums.ac.ir/article-1-2215-en.html
Ghebreyesus, T., Iro, E., Kennedy, A., Tlou, S., & Nigel Crisp, N. (2020) State of the world’s nursing, investing in education, jobs and leadership. World Health Organization (WHO), Retrieved from https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/331673/9789240003293-eng.pdf
International Labor Organization (ILO). (2020). Social protection responses to the COVID-19 crisis: Country responses and policy considerations. Retrieved from https://www.ilo.org/secsoc/information-resources/publications-and-tools/Brochures/WCMS_742337/lang--en/index.htm
Kim, Y. (2018). Nurses’ experiences of care for patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus in South Korea. American Journal of Infection Control, 46(7), 781-7. [DOI:10.1016/j.ajic.2018.01.012] [PMID] [PMCID]
Lee, S. H., Juang, Y. Y., Su, Y. J., Lin, H. L., & Chao, C. C. (2005), Facing SARS: Psychological impacts on SARS team nurses and psychiatric services in a Taiwan general hospital[J]. General Hospital Psychiatry, 27(5), 352-8. [DOI:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2005.04.007] [PMID] [PMCID]
Liu, Q., et al. (2020) The experiences of health-care providers during the COVID-19 crisis in China: A qualitative study. The Lancet, 8(6), e790-8 [DOI:10.1016/ S2214-109X(20)30204-7. Available from:]
Mirzabeigi, G., et al. (2009). [Job satisfaction among Iranian nurses (Persian)]. Journal of Hayat, 15(1), 49-59. http://hayat.tums.ac.ir/article-1-129-en.html
Mohammadi, S., Yazdan Nik, A. R., Yousefy, A., & Arazi, T. M. (2014) [A glimpse in the challenges in Iranian academic nursing education (Persian)]. Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 14(4), 323-31. http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-3146-fa.html
Pakpour, V., et al. (2014). [Viewpoint of nurses on inter-professional relationship between nurses and doctors (Persian)]. Hayat, 20(1), 74-85. https://www.magiran.com/paper/1275103?lang=en
Raoofi, A., Takian, A., Akbari Sari, A., Olyaeemanesh, A., Haghighi, H., & Aarabi, M. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic and comparative health policy learning in Iran. Archives of Iranian Medicine, 23(4), 220-34. [DOI:10.34172/aim.2020.02] [PMID]
Rostami, H., Rahmani, A., & Ghahramanian, A. (2010). (The viewpoint of nurses about professional relationship between nurses and physicians (Persian)]. Journal of Res earch Development Nursing Midwhfery, 7(1), 63-71. http://nmj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-14-en.html
Sadeghi, A., Goharloo Arkawaz, A., Cheraghi, F., Moghimbeigi, A. (2018). [Survey of nurses’ job satisfaction in educational and therapeutic centers of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences (Persian)]. Avicenna Journal of Nursing and Midwifry Care, 26(1), 40-8. [DOI:10.30699/sjhnmf.26.1.40]
Salehi, A., Zokaei, M., & Ekhlasi, E. (2019). [Authority in medical practice: From coercion to empathy a critical ethnographic study in Tehran (Persian)]. Social Science, 26(85), 136-64. [DOI:10.22054/QJSS.2019.33750.1868]
Scambler, G. (2001). [Habermas, critical theory and health (H. Norouzi, Parsian Trans). Tehran: Social Security Organization Research Institute. http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/bibliographic/769930
Shareinia, H., Khodadadi, E., Nedaei, H., & Hosseini, M. [(Professional and ethical values in providing nursing care from nurses’ perspective (Persian)]. Iran Journal of Nursing, 31(112), 44-55. [DOI:10.29252/ijn.31.112.44]
Sun, N., et al. (2020). A qualitative study on the psychological experience of caregivers of COVID-19 patients. American Journal of Infection Control, 48(6), 592-8. [DOI:10.1016/j.ajic.2020.03.018] [PMID] [PMCID]
Taukeni, S. G. (2019). Introductory chapter: Bio-psychosocial model of health. [DOI:10.5772/intechopen.85024]