Themes and challenges of Iran's strategic export capacity in the Iraqi market   (A Comparative Study of Iran and Turkey in the Iraqi Market)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD Student, Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Hamadan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamadan, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Business Management, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Public Administration, Hamadan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamadan, Iran

4 Assistant Professor of Production and Operations Management, Accounting Department, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran

Abstract

The level of attention to the problems and challenges of oil revenues in the country's economy and consequently the nationalization of the country's economy requires a revision of the structure and institutions in the country's economy. It is an industry and capital. Iran has a land border with seven countries, especially Iraq, with a number of Central Asian and Caucasian countries and the Persian Gulf. The Iraqi market is a good opportunity to expand the export of Iranian products. And the topics and challenges are emerging in foreign trade between Iran and Iraq. The research method used is the analysis of the content (theme) and the analysis of statistical data of the International Trade Center. Semi-structured interviews were conducted purposefully and snowball sampling was conducted with 12 experts and specialists in the field of foreign trade and researchers who had sufficient knowledge in the field of foreign trade in Iraq. Then a thematic analysis was performed. The study identified 10 important challenges after data saturation, including economic diplomacy, quality, value added, foreign direct investment, government support for infrastructure development and modernization, inefficiency of export management companies, lack of export diversification and economic complexity, and restructuring. Economics is based on the policies of the resistance economy. The results show that the most important economic strategy and prerequisite for Iran's foreign trade is structural change and the application of indicators of economic complexity in the production of science-based products and the capacity of domestic capabilities

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

پژم، س. م.، و سلیمی‌فر، م. (2016). بررسی تاثیر شاخص پیچیدگی اقتصادی بر رشد اقتصادی در 42 کشور برتر در تولید علم‎. پژوهش‌های اقتصاد و توسعه منطقه‌ای‎، 22(10)، 16-38.
رنجبر، ا.، ثاقب، ح.، و ضیائی‌بیگدلی، ص. (1398). تحلیل پویایی صادرات غیرنفتی ایران: نتایج جدید با کمک نظریه پیچیدگی اقتصادی. تحقیقات اقتصادی، 54(1)، 47-73.
صادقی، س. ش.، مارابی، م.، و اکسا، ن. (1395). ایران-عراق: چشماندازی بر راهبردی‌شدن مناسبات دوجانبه. پژوهش‌های روابط بین‌الملل، 6(22)، 129-162.
References
Athanasoglou, P. P., & Bardaka, I. C. (2010). New trade theory, non-price competitiveness and export performance. Economic Modelling, 27(1), 217-28. [DOI:10.1016/j.econmod.2009.09.002]
Bahar, D., Hausmann, R., & Hidalgo, C. A. (2014). Neighbors and the evolution of the comparative advantage of nations: Evidence of international knowledge diffusion?Journal of International Economics, 92(1), 111-23. [DOI:10.1016/j.jinteco.2013.11.001]
Balaguer, J., Florica, T., & Ripollés, J. (2015). Foreign trade and economic growth in Spain (1900-2012): The role of energy imports. Economia Politica, 32(3), 359-75. [DOI:10.1007/s40888-015-0021-z]
Bekkers, E. (2019). Challenges to the trade system: The potential impact of changes in future trade policy. Journal of Policy Modeling, 41(3), 489-506. [DOI:10.1016/j.jpolmod.2019.03.016]
Boddy, C. R. (2016). Sample size for qualitative research. Qualitative Market Research, 19(4), 426-32. [DOI:10.1108/QMR-06-2016-0053]
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101. [DOI:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa]
Demir, A., Özmen, Ö., & Rashid, A. (2014). An estimation of Turkey’s export loss to Iraq. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 150, 1240-7. [DOI:10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.09.140]
Devadason, E. S., Govindaraju, V. G. R. C., & Mubarik, S. (2018). Defining potentials and barriers to trade in the Malaysia-Chile partnership. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 13(5), 758-79. [DOI:10.1108/IJoEM-11-2016-0306]
Erkan, B., & Yildirimci, E. (2015). Economic complexity and export competitiveness: The case of Turkey. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, 524-33. [DOI:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.06.262]
Ferrarini, B., & Scaramozzino, P. (2016). Production complexity, adaptability and economic growth. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 37, 52-61. [DOI:10.1016/j.strueco.2015.12.001]
Frankel, J., & Rose, A. (2002). An estimate of the effect of common currencies on trade and income. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 117(2), 437-66. [DOI:10.1162/003355302753650292]
Freire, C. (2019). Economic diversification: A model of structural economic dynamics and endogenous technological change. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 49, 13-28. [DOI:10.1016/j.strueco.2019.03.005]
Hidalgo, C. A., Klinger, B., Barabási, A. L., & Hausmann, R. (2007). The product space conditions the development of nations. Science, 317(5837), 482-7. [DOI:10.1126/science.1144581] [PMID]
Kabir, M., Salim, R., & Al-Mawali, N. (2017). The gravity model and trade flows: Recent developments in econometric modeling and empirical evidence. Economic Analysis and Policy, 56, 60-71. [DOI:10.1016/j.eap.2017.08.005]
Karam, F., & Zaki, C. (2019). Why don’t MENA countries trade more? The curse of deficient institutions. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 73, 56-77. [DOI:10.1016/j.qref.2018.04.017]
Kawasaki, K. (2017). Emergent uncertainty in regional integration - Economic impacts of alternative RTA scenarios. Paper presented at the 20th Annual Conference on Global Economic Analysis, West Lafayette, IN, USA, June 7-9 2017. https://www.gtap.agecon.purdue.edu/resources/res_display.asp?RecordID=5212
Leibenstein, H. (1966). Shaping the world economy: Suggestions for an international economic pPolicy. The Economic Journal, 76(301), 92-5. [DOI:10.2307/22290411]
Maxwell, J. (1992). Understanding and validity in qualitative research. Harvard Educational Review, 62(3), 279-301. [DOI:10.17763/haer.62.3.8323320856251826]
Morales Meoqui, J. (2010). Classical free trade: A policy towards economic growth and development [PhD. dissertation]. Wien: WU Vienna University of Economics and Business. https://epub.wu.ac.at/2952/
Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods. 3rd Ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. https://books.google.com/books?id=FjBw2oi8El4C&dq
Pazham, S. M., & Salimifar, M. (2015). [An examination of economic complexity index effect on economic growth in the top 42 countries producing science (Persian)]. Journal of Economy and Regional Development, 22(10), 16-38. https://erd.um.ac.ir/article/view/41690
Ranjbar, O., Sagheb, H., & Ziaee Bigdeli, S. (2019). [Analyzing dynamism in Iran’s non-oil exports: New evidence using economic complexity theory (Persian)]. Journal of Economic Research (Tahghighat-e-Eghtesadi), 54(1), 47-73. [DOI:10.22059/JTE.2019.256270.1007898]
Rasoulinezhad, E. (2017). China’s foreign trade policy with OPEC member countries. Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies, 10(1), 61-81. [DOI:10.1108/JCEFTS-09-2016-0027]
Rasoulinezhad, E. (2018). A new evidence from the effects of Russia’s WTO accession on its foreign trade. Eurasian Economic Review, 8, 73-92. [DOI:10.1007/s40822-017-0081-1]
Ricardo, D. (1817). On the principles of political economy and taxation. London: John Murray. https://books.google.com/books?id=cUBKAAAAYAAJ&dq
Sadeghy, S., Sh, Maraby, M., & Eksa, N. (2017). [Islamic Republic of Iran and Iraq: The landscape of Strategic alliance (Persian)]. International Relations Research, 6(22), 129-62. http://www.iisajournals.ir/article_45860.html
Samuelson, P. A., & Turner, B. S. (2015). Ricardo, David (1772-1823). In J. D. Wright (Ed.), International encyclopedia of the social & behavioral sciences (pp. 660-664). 2nd Ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier. [DOI:10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.61111-X]
van Manen, M. (2016). Researching lived experience: Human science for an action sensitive pedagogy. 2nd Ed. New York: Routledge. https://books.google.com/books?id=1LZmDAAAQBAJ&d
Zhang, L., Zhang, X., & Cheng, K. (2015). Construction and analysis of common foreign trade cycle based on MS-VAR: An empirical study of global experience. Journal of Systems Science and Complexity, 28(2), 360-80. [DOI:10.1007/s11424-015-3270-6]
Strategic Studies of public policy
Volume 10, Issue 35
Special issue of foreign and health policy
September 2020
Pages 232-253

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics