Explaining the Entrepreneurial Strategy in the Internationalization of Banks

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Department of Entrepreneurship, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Throughout the history of banking, internationalization has always been tied to banking. In recent years, Iran's banking system has faced a variety of limitations and challenges, including economic sanctions, the FATF, and Iran's failure to accession the WTO. On the other hand, there is intense competition in the banking sector. In order to maintain their superiority in line with international developments, banks must create value and satisfying the needs of their customers. For this purpose, banks can enter international markets through innovation and entrepreneurship, and thus take a step towards internationalization. This can be achieved through entrepreneurial strategies. The purpose of this article is to explain the impact of entrepreneurial strategy on the internationalization of banks. The method of this research is confirmatory factor analysis. In this regard, the study of theoretical literature and questions from experts has been used as a source of research. Finally, the relationship between the main components was confirmed and it was found that entrepreneurial strategies and removal of international barriers and restrictions, have a positive and significant effect on the internationalization strategies of banks. However, only three strategies: “accelerating Internationalization”, “moderate internationalization” and “Established Internationalization” were identified as effective strategies, and the effect of the two internationalization strategies: “Imploding Internationalization” and “Retreating Internationalization” on internationalization was not confirmed.

Keywords

Main Subjects


Ahmadpour, M. (2002). [Entrepreneurship definitions, theories, models (Persian)]. Tehran: Pardis Company. http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=659472&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author
Ahmadpour, M., & Karimi, A. (2016). [Organizational entrepreneurship: From theory to practice (Persian)]. Tehran: University of Tehran. http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=3886712&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author
Andersson, S., & Florén, H. (2008). Exploring managerial behavior in small international firms. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 15(1), 31-50. [DOI:10.1108/14626000810850838]
Asadi Sisakht, K., Talebi, K., & Hosseini, S. R. (2016). [Identification and analysis of entrepreneurial strategies in selected food industries (Persian)]. Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 8(4), 611-629. [DOI:10.1108/14626000810850838]
Bronzini, R., & D’Ignazio, A. (2016). Bank internationalization and firm exports: Evidence from matched firm-bank data. Review of International Economics, 25(3,) 476-499. [DOI:10.1111/roie.12264]
Borhani, H. (2001). [International banking and financing (Persian)]. Tehran: The Iran Banking Institute. http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=610296&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author
Buch, C. M., & Lipponer, A. (2004). Clustering or Competition? The Foreign Investment Behaviour of German Banks (February 2004). Deutsche Bundesbank Economic Research Centre Discussion Paper, (06). [DOI:10.2139/ssrn.524003]
Cavusgil, S., & Knight, G. (2015). The born global firm: An entrepreneurial and capabilities perspective on early and rapid internationalization. Journal of International Business Studies, 46, 3-16. [DOI:10.1057/jibs.2014.62]
Chiorazzo, V., D’Apice, V., DeYoung, R., & Morelli, P. (2018). Is the traditional banking model a survivor? Journal of Banking and Finance, 97, 238-256. [DOI:10.1016/j.jbankfin.2018.10.008]
Coviello, N. E., & McAuley, A. (1999). Internationalisation and the smaller firm: A review of contemporary empirical research. Management International Review, 39(3), 223-256. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40835788
Dehghani, M., Yaghoubi, N. M., Mooghali, A. R., & Vazife, Z. (2019). [A Comprehensive model of factors affecting establishment of knowledge management (Persian)]. New Approaches Journal in Educational Management, 10(37), 109-132. [DOI:10.1108/14626000810850838]
Farhangi, A. A., & Safarzadeh, H. (2007). [Entrepreneurship (concepts, theories, models and applications (Persian)]. Tehran: Public Works department. http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=1115942&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author#
Ghazi, M. R., Dehghan Dehnavi, M. A., & Sadat Moradi, N. (2017). [Analyzing the status of banks start-ups in the field of innovatine services(case study : Iranian banking system) (Persian)]. Journal of Islamic Economics and Banking, 6(20), 119-139. http://mieaoi.ir/article-1-525-fa.html
Ghazaavi, H., & Mohammadi, M. H. (2016). [Model of managing challenges facing banking system in sanction (Persian)]. Financial Research Journal, 17(2), 341-356. [DOI:10.1108/14626000810850838]
Gholestan Hashemi, S. M. (2003). [Fundemental of entrepreneurship science (entrepreneurial engineering knowledge) (Persian)]. Isfahan: Jahad Daneshgahy of IUT. http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=705223&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author
Hejazi, W., & Santor, E. (2005). Degree of internationalization and performance: An analysis of Canadian Banks. Ottawa: Bank of Canada. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.172.7977&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Heidar Zade, T., & Hajimineh, R. (2019). [The process of Iran’s membership in the World Trade Organisation from the perspective of international competition law (Persian)]. Political Science Quarterly, 15(47), 201-222. http://psq.kiau.ac.ir/article_671966.html?lang=en
Howcroft J. B., ul-Haq, R., & Carr C. (2011). An examination of cross-border strategies in banking. The Service Industries Journal, 31(13), 2091-2109. [DOI:10.1080/02642069.2010.504815]
Leonidou, L.., & Katsikeas, C. (1996). The export development process: An integrative review of empirical models. Journal of International Business Studies, 27, 517-551. [DOI:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490846]
Lumpkin, G. T., & Dess, G. G. (1996). Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance. Academy of Management Review, 21(1), 135-172. [DOI:10.5465/amr.1996.9602161568]
Moghimi, S. M., Vakili, Y., & Akbari, M. (2013). [Entrepreneurship theories (Persian)]. Tehran: University of Tehran. http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=3215820&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author
Moghimi, S. M., & Kimasi, M. (2016). [Banking marketing (Persian)]. Tehran: University of Tehran. http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=2488525&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author
Mulder, A., & Westerhuis, G. (2015). The determinants of bank internationalisation in times of financial globalisation: Evidence from the world’s largest banks(1980-2007). Business History, 57(1), 122-155. [DOI:10.1080/00076791.2014.977874]
Nahid, M. (2009). [What is and why entrepreneurship and organizational entrepreneurship at a glance (Persian)]. Commercial Surveys, 7(34), 39-58. https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=114273
Noorsina, M., & Moghani, A. (2015). [ Identifying factors affecting entrepreneurial activities in the international banking industry (case study: Saderat Bank, Tehran) (Persian)]. Paper pressseted at The First International Conference on Management, Economic, Accounting, and Educational Sciences, Sari, Iran, 20 June 2015. https://civilica.com/doc/444913/
Qian, L., & Delos, A. (2008). Internalization and experience: Japanese banks’ international expansion(1980-1998). Journal of International Business Studies, 39(2), 231-248. [DOI:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400317]
Rezvani, M., & Mousavi Nejad, S. M. (2014). [International entrepreneurship (Persian)]. Tehran: University of Tehran. http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=3638484&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author
Seyed Shokri, K., & Mirbagheri, A.S. (2012). [The effect of trade liberalization on the growth of the non-oil economy of OPEC member countries (Persian)]. Journal of Financial Economics, 6(20), 173-194. http://ecj.iauctb.ac.ir/article_511534.html
Shafiee Roodposhti, M., Hakkaki, S. M., Jalaly, M., & Nouri, A. (2014). [Analyzing private banking situation in Iran (Persian)]. Journal of Economic Research and Policies, 22(70), 119-138. https://www.sid.ir/Fa/Journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=228570
Slager, A. (2006). Internationalization of banks. In A. Slager (Ed), The Internationalization of Banks (pp. 87-104). London: Palgrave Macmillan. [DOI:10.1057/9780230625044-5]
Soltani, F. (2020). [Financial action task force: Countering money laundering and financing of terrorism (Persian)]. Police Interational Studies Journal, 11(42), 97-118. [DOI:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400317]
Talebi, M. (2016). [Identifying and assessing effective factors on Iranian banking system’s challenges (Persian)]. Managment Improvement, 10(3), 131-166. http://www.behboodmodiriat.ir/article_43147.html?lang=en
Esfandiari, A. (2005). [The structure of the World Trade Organization (Persian)]. Tadbir, 158. http://ensani.ir/fa/article/148470/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%B3
Emami, S. M., Rasolian, M., & Shekari, A. (2017). [Identifying and ranking the factors affecting entrepreneurship in the banking industry (Persian)]. Paper presented at The Second International Conference on Management, Accounting and Economics, Tehran, Iran, 12 January 2017.
Khaki, G. R. (2014). [Grounded research method in management (with dissertation approach): Interview with Dr. Seyed Mehdi Alwani. Tehran: Fojhun. http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=3338182&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author
 Ziaeikia, A., Jahangiri, A., Mehrabi, J., & Davari, A.(2019). [Effects of organizational entrepreneurship strategy in companies affiliated to the Organization for Development and Renewal of Mining and Mineral Industries of Iran (Persian)]. Process Development and Management, 32(1), 87-111. http://jmdp.ir/article-1-3335-fa.html
view with Dr. Seyed Mehdi Alwani. Tehran: Fojhun. http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=3338182&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author
 Ziaeikia, A., Jahangiri, A., Mehrabi, J., & Davari, A.(2019). [Effects of organizational entrepreneurship strategy in companies affiliated to the Organization for Development and Renewal of Mining and Mineral Industries of Iran (Persian)]. Process Development and Management, 32(1), 87-111. http://jmdp.ir/article-1-3335-fa.html