The Difficulties Facing the Saudi Economy Integration in the Global Capital Accumulation Formation

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD student in International Relations, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University

2 Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University

Abstract

The primary concern of the article lies in this question: Why cannot the capital accumulation in Saudi Arabia (despite the advantages of globalization, young workforce, understanding about inefficiency of oil-based economy and planning to economic reform) transfer from an oil-dependent accumulation formation to a post-industrial accumulation? In order to answer this question, the author suggests that changes in the process of capital accumulation in Saudi Arabia depend on changes the government's approach to society, the private sector (restrictions on civil society) and its costly foreign policy. As long as the government's approach will continue, accumulation in Saudi Arabia will depend on oil and will not have the elements of global capital accumulation such as: science and technology, specialty of internal experts, and benefits of service sector.

Keywords

Main Subjects


Aarts, P., & Nonneman, G. (2006). Ideology, Economy, Foreign Policy and the Outlook for the Saudi Polity. Saudi Arabia in the Balance: Political Economy, Society, Foreign Affairs. London: Hurst, 433-455.
Agnew, J. (2001). The new global economy: time-space compression, geopolitics, and global uneven development. journal of world-systems research, 7(2), 133-154.
Al-Filali, I. Y., & Gallarotti, G. M. (2012). Smart Development Saudi Arabia’s Quest for a Knowledge Economy. International Studies, 49 (1-2), 47-76.
Alshanbri, N., Khalfan, M., Noor, M. A., Dutta, D., Zhang, K., & Maqsood, T. (2015). “Employees' turnover, knowledge management and human recourse management: a case of Nitaqat program”. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 5(8), 701-706.
Al-Shehri, A., Ebrahim, M. A., Shafeek, H., Soliman, M. F., & Abdel-Aziz, M. H. (2013, August). Bridging the Gap between University and Industry: Efforts Made at Faculty of Engineering–Rabigh-Saudi Arabia. In 2013 International Conference on Advanced ICT and Education (ICAICTE-13). Atlantis Press. 448-456.
Alsodais, Sami. (2013). “Science,Technology & Innovation in Saudi Arabia”. WIPO Magazine. Saudi Patent Office, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), 23-26.
Bashehab, O. S., & Buddhapriya, S. (2013). “Status of knowledge based economy in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: An analysis”. Journal of Social and Development Sciences, 4 (6), 268. 278.
Central Department of Statistics and Information, (2016), Statistics Library.
Debnath, S. C. (2015). Creating the Knowledge-based Economy in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to Solve the Current Unemployment Crisis. 1-20.
Depetris Chauvin, Nicolás M. (2010). “The Rise of the Gulf: Saudi Arabia as a Global Player”. International ReportsIssue 5. 44-58.  
Esping-Andersen, G. (1992). Post-industrial class structures: an analytical framework. Instituto Juan March de estudios e investigaciones.
Etheridge, J. (2002). Desert Mirage: Saudi Arabian Debt and Political Instability”, Political Economy of the Middle East Prof. Clement Henry. 1-22.
Ferkiss, V. (1979),“Post-Industrial Society: Theory, Myth, Ideology”, The Political Science Review, IX forthcoming, 61-102.
Gartman, D. (1998). “Postmodernism or the Cultural Logic of Post-Fordism?”, The Sociological Quarterly, 39 (1), 119-137.
Global Edge. (2017). Saudi Arabia: Trade. Statistics your source for global business knowledge. Home, Global Insights, By Country, Saudi Arabia, Trade Statistics.
Hirschhorn, L. (1988). “The post-industrial economy: Labour, skills and the new mode of production”, The Service Industries Journal, 8 (1), 19-38.
Ibrahim, M. A. (2013). “Financial development and economic growth in Saudi Arabian economy”. Appl Econ Int Dev, 13(1), 133-144.
International Trade Administration. (2016). 2016 Top Markets Report Automotive Parts Country Case Study: Saudi Arabia. U.S. Department of Commerce, 2016 ITA Automotive Parts Top Markets Report.
Jeddah Chamber of Commerce and Industry. (2016). Saudi Arabia – Industrial Sector Overview Report.
Jessop, B. (1991). Fordism and Post-Fordism: a Critical Reformulation. Lancaster. UK: Lancaster Regionalism Group.
Khorsheed, M. S. (2015). “Saudi Arabia: From Oil Kingdom to Knowledge‐Based Economy”. Middle East Policy, 22(3), p, 147-157.
Kingdom imports 80% of food products. Arab News. (20 April 2014). Business & Economy. the Middle East's Leading English Language Daily.
Lindert, Peter H and Williamson, Jeffrey G. (2002), “Does Globalization Make the World More Unequal?”, in M. Bordo, A. M. Taylor and J.G Williamson, (eds.), Globalization in Historical Perspective, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press).
Linnemann, H. & Lacroix, S. (2015). Politics and Business in Saudi Arabia: Characteristics of an Interplay. Political Sociology of the State in the Contemporary Arab World.
Martorell, B. E. (2012). Oil, politics, society and the state in the middle east: Enduring authoritarianism in Iran and Saudi Arabia.
McKinsey Global Institute (MGI). (2015). Saudi Arabia Beyond Oil the Investment and Productivity Transformation.
Muller, J. Z. (2013). Capitalism and inequality: What the right and the left get wrong. Foreign Affairs, 92, 30.
National Strategy for Transformation into Knowledge Society. (2012). transformation of the kingdom into knowledge Society Knowledge-Based Economy.
Norton-Taylor, Richard. (22 February 2016). Saudi Arabia leads surge in arms imports by Middle East states, The Guardian.
Nour, S. (2014). Transition to knowledge-based economy in Saudi Arabia (No. 029). United Nations University-Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (MERIT).
Only 6% KSA engineers are Saudi. Arab News. (20 September 2014). the Middle East's Leading English Language Daily.
OPEC, O. (216). Annual Statistical Bulletin 2016. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, Vienna, Austria.
Robinson, W. I. (2004). A theory of global capitalism: Production, class, and state in a transnational world. JHU Press.
Salem, M. I. (2014). “The role of universities in building a knowledge-based economy in Saudi Arabia”. The International Business & Economics Research Journal (Online), 13(5), 1047-1056.
Saudi Arabia Exports. (2016). Tradingeconomics. http://www.tradingeconomics.com/saudi-arabia/exports
Sivramkrishna, S. (2016). Can a country really go broke? Deconstructing Saudi Arabia’s macroeconomic crisis. real-world economics review, 75.
Stiftung, Verlag Bertelsmann. (2016). BTI, Saudi Arabia Country Report.
Syeed, Nafeesa. (13 June 2016). Saudi Arabia’s Weapons Imports Lead Surge in Global Arms Sales. Bloomberg.
Taha, Sharif M. (20 April 2014). “Kingdom imports 80% of food products”, Arab News, http://www.arabnews.com/news/558271
U.S.-Saudi Arabian Business Council. (2016). The Oil and Gas Sector in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Strengthening Bilateral Business Relations through Trade and Investment.
Waldman, P. (2016). “The $2 Trillion Project to Get Saudi Arabia’s Economy Off Oil”. The Bloomberg Business Week.
Yamada, M. (2015). Saudi Arabia's Look‐East Diplomacy: Ten Years On. Middle East Policy, 22(4), 121-139.