Considering the complex challenges of the policy makers, some scholars have tried to increase the explanatory power of the models and provide policy recommendations by presenting hybrid policy models. In the article, by relying on two institutional-behavioral approaches, a new model for explaining policymaking is presented, which emphasizes the importance of institutions, availability heuristics, and the entire institutional structure in the success or failure of policymaking.

Based on the above model and using the historical-comparative analysis method, the housing policy in Iran from the first development plan in 1327 to the end of the sixth plan has been examined and compared with selected countries. The findings show the cost of housing in the household budget in Iran is almost twice the world average, which shows the failure of policies in this area. Investigating housing policy in Iran with the comparative study method shows that policy makers in Iran have a cognitive bias due to the availability heuristics and consider building housing equivalent to solving the housing challenge. It also neglects many rules and regulations (institutions) that reduce speculation in this market. The whole institutional structure has not reached a degree of participation that would consider alternative ideas. Under these conditions, regulating the rental market, using tax tools, supporting the purchase of first homes and social housing will improve the conditions.