مطالعات راهبردی سیاستگذاری عمومی

مطالعات راهبردی سیاستگذاری عمومی

چارچوبی برای سیاست‌گذاری توسعه خدمات دیجیتال شهری شهروند - محور

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 گروه مدیریت فناوری اطلاعات، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
2 گروه مدیریت فناوری اطلاعات، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
3 استاد گروه مدیریت، دانشکده علوم اداری و اقتصاد، دانشگاه ولی عصر رفسنجان، کرمان، ایران
4 دانشیار گروه مدیریت عملیات و فناوری اطلاعات، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
خدمات دیجیتال شهری به‌عنوان عناصر کلیدی در طرح‌های شهر هوشمند، نقش مهمی در تسهیل عملیات شهری، کاهش هزینه‌ها و افزایش کارایی و پایداری محیط‌های شهری ایفا می‌کنند. هدف این مقاله طراحی و ارائه یک چارچوب سیاست‌گذاری است که توسعه این خدمات را با تأکید بر نیازها و مشارکت شهروندان هدایت کند. با استفاده از مرور نظام‌مند ادبیات و انجام مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختاریافته با خبرگان، این پژوهش چارچوب جامعی شامل ابعاد و مؤلفه‌های مؤثر بر توسعه خدمات دیجیتال شهری ارائه می‌دهد. این چارچوب به مسئولین و سیاست‌گذاران کمک می‌کند تا محورها و حوزه‌های سیاست‌گذاری لازم برای توسعه خدمات دیجیتال شهری شهروند-محور را شناسایی کنند. چارچوب پیشنهادی با تمرکز بر توانمندسازهای فناورانه، حاکمیتی، جامعه، مشارکتی، واسطه‌های دانشی، توانمندسازهای پذیرش و توانمندسازهای توسعه و تطبیق، به شناسایی نیازها و اولویت‌های شهروندان کمک می‌کند. این رویکرد با افزایش مشارکت و اعتماد شهروندان، از شکل‌گیری پروژه‌های جزیره‌ای مدیر-محور جلوگیری کرده و زمینه‌ساز تحقق شهر هوشمند شهروند-محور در ایران خواهد شد. به‌عنوان نمونه‌ای از کاربرد چارچوب پیشنهادی، سامانه «شهرزاد» به‌عنوان یکی از پروژه‌های برجسته در زمینه خدمات دیجیتال شهری در ایران انتخاب و با توجه به ویژگی‌های آن در سال ۱۴۰۳ مورد تحلیل قرار گرفته است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

References
Khoubrou, M., & Ebrahimi, R. A. (2019). Key success factors in policymaking in Iran’s public service sector. Strategic Public Policy Studies Quarterly, 9(32). (In Persian). https://sspp.iranjournals.ir/article_38622.html
Sajadian, M., Firoozi, M., & Pourahmad, A. (2022). Identifying policy solutions driving the transition to a smart city (Case study: Ahvaz metropolis). Strategic Public Policy Studies Quarterly, 12(43), 52–79. (In Persian). https://sspp.iranjournals.ir/article_251752.html
Gorji Azandariani, A. A., & Shirzad Nazarloo, Z. (2018). The place of the rights of persons with disabilities in urban law. Strategic Public Policy Studies Quarterly, 8(26), 137–163. (In Persian). http://sspp.iranjournals.ir/article_30330.html
Mousavi, S., & Mobaraki, M. (2017). Representing the relationship between attitudes toward government and active social citizenship. Strategic Public Policy Studies Quarterly, 7(25), 157–177. (In Persian). https://sspp.iranjournals.ir/article_29731.html
Naderi, E., & Seif Naraqi, M. (2020). Research methods and their evaluation in the humanities (with emphasis on educational sciences). Tehran: Arasbaran. (In Persian
Tehran Municipality. (2019). Third Five-Year Development Plan of Tehran (2019–2023). Deputy departments and independent headquarters organizations of Tehran Municipality. (In Persian). https://www.tehran.ir
Islamic Republic of Iran. (2024). Seventh Five-Year Development Plan of the Islamic Republic of Iran (1403) (S. M. Kamalan, Ed.). Kamalan Publications. (In Persian). 
Kahvand, M., Shayan, A., Elahi, S., & Raeisi Vanani, A. (2024). A systematic review of factors influencing citizen participation in smart cities: Is a new paradigm needed? Journal of Information Processing and Management Research. (In Persian). https://jipm.irandoc.ac.ir/article_715061.html
Smart Tehran Secretariat & Center. (2019). Smart Tehran Indigenous Model (3rd ed.). ICT Organization of Tehran Municipality (PR). (In Persian). https://smart.tehran.ir
Tehran Municipality Spokesperson. (29 Mehr 1403 [Oct. 2024]). Shahrzad as narrated by the spokesperson of Tehran Municipality. Student News Agency (SNN). (In Persian). https://snn.ir/fa/news/1185099 (Retrieved 6 Bahman 1403 [Jan./Feb. 2025])
Cafe Bazaar. (n.d.). Shahrzad (Android app page). (In Persian). https://cafebazaar.ir/app/gov.shahrzad (Retrieved 5 Dey 1403 [Dec. 2024])
Afzalan, N., & Muller, B. (2018). Online participatory technologies: Opportunities and challenges for enriching participatory planning. Journal of the American Planning Association, 84(2), 162–177. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2018.1434010
Aguilar, J., Díaz-Villarreal, F. J., Altamiranda-Pérez, J. A., Cordero, J., Chavez, D., & Gutiérrez-De Mesa, J. A. (2019). Metropolis: An emerging serious game for the smart city. DYNA, 86(211), 215–244. https://doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v86n211.80864
Alba, M., Avalos, M., Guzmán, C., & Larios, V. M. (2016, September 30). Synergy between smart cities’ hackathons and living labs as a vehicle for accelerating tangible innovations on cities. In IEEE 2nd International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2 2016) — Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISC2.2016.7580877
Alcaide Muñoz, L., Rodríguez Bolívar, M. P., Muñoz, L. A., & Bolívar, M. P. R. (2019). Demographic profile of citizens’ interest, evaluation and opinions of local government apps in smart cities. In I. Lindgren et al. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Vol. 11685, pp. 313–325). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27325-5_24
Aljoufie, M., & Tiwari, A. (2022). Citizen sensors for smart city planning and traffic management: Crowdsourcing geospatial data through smartphones in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. GeoJournal, 87(4), 3149–3168. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-021-10423-4
Arnstein, S. R. (1969). A ladder of citizen participation. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 35(4). https://doi.org/10.1080/01944366908977225
Beliatskaya, I. (2022). Conceptualizing community involvement in smart urban development: The case of Tallinn. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, 510–515. https://doi.org/10.1145/3560107.3560184
Benítez Martínez, F. L., Hurtado Torres, M. V., & Romero Frías, E. (2020). The “tokenization” of e-participation in public governance: An opportunity to hack democracy. In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing (Vol. 1010, pp. 110–117). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23813-1_14
Bermejo-Martín, G., & Rodríguez-Monroy, C. (2020). Design thinking methodology to achieve household engagement in urban water sustainability in the city of Huelva (Andalusia). Water, 12(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/w12071943
Berntzen, L., & Johannessen, M. R. (2016). The role of citizens in “smart cities”.
Boland, A., Cherry, G., & Dickson, R. (2017). Doing a systematic review: A student’s guide. SAGE Publications. https://books.google.com/books?id=H1AlDwAAQBAJ
Bouzguenda, I., Alalouch, C., & Fava, N. (2019). Towards smart sustainable cities: A review of the role digital citizen participation could play in advancing social sustainability. Sustainable Cities and Society, 50, 101627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2019.101627
Bricout, J., Baker, P. M. A., Moon, N. W., & Sharma, B. (2021). Exploring the smart future of participation: Community, inclusivity, and people with disabilities. International Journal of E-Planning Research, 10(2), 94–108. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJEPR.20210401.oa8
Bruce, P., Bruce, A., & Gedeck, P. (2020). Practical statistics for data scientists: 50+ essential concepts using R and Python. O’Reilly Media. [link needed]
Cao, H., & Kang, I. C. (2022). A citizen participation model for co-creation of public value in a smart city. Journal of Urban Affairs, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2022.2094799
Cardullo, P., & Kitchin, R. (2019). Being a ‘citizen’ in the smart city: Up and down the scaffold of smart citizen participation in Dublin, Ireland. GeoJournal, 84(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-018-9845-8
Cardullo, P., Kitchin, R., & Di Feliciantonio, C. (2018). Living labs and vacancy in the neoliberal city. Cities, 73, 44–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2017.10.008
Cavada, M., & Rogers, C. D. F. (2020). Serious gaming as a means of facilitating truly smart cities: A narrative review. Behaviour & Information Technology, 39(6), 695–710. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2019.1677775
Cho, S., Mossberger, K., Swindell, D., & Selby, J. D. (2021). Experimenting with public engagement platforms in local government. Urban Affairs Review, 57(3), 763–793. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078087419897821
Clarinval, A., Simonofski, A., Vanderose, B., & Dumas, B. (2020). Public displays and citizen participation: A systematic literature review and research agenda. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 15(1), 1–35. https://doi.org/10.1108/TG-12-2019-0127
Cui, Q. H., Wei, R. R., Huang, R., Hu, X. C., & Wang, G. B. (2022). The effect of perceived risk on public participation intention in smart city development: Evidence from China. Land, 11(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/land11091604
Degbelo, A., Granell, C., Trilles, S., Bhattacharya, D., Casteleyn, S., & Kray, C. (2016). Opening up smart cities: Citizen-centric challenges and opportunities from GIScience. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi5020016
Dembski, F., Wössner, U., Letzgus, M., Ruddat, M., & Yamu, C. (2020). Urban digital twins for smart cities and citizens: The case study of Herrenberg, Germany. Sustainability, 12(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12062307
Díaz-Díaz, R., & Pérez-González, D. (2016). Implementation of social media concepts for e-government: Case study of a social media tool for value co-creation and citizen participation. Journal of Organizational and End User Computing, 28(3), 104–121. https://doi.org/10.4018/JOEUC.2016070107
Domaradzka, A., Biesaga, M., Domaradzka, E., & Kołodziejczyk, M. (2022). The civil city framework for the implementation of nature-based smart innovations: Right to a healthy city perspective. Sustainability, 14(16). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14169887
Dooley, K. (2021). Direct passive participation aiming for accuracy and citizen safety in the era of big data and the smart city. Smart Cities, 4(1), 336–348. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities4010020
Furtado, V., Lima, L., Chagas, D. A., Pinheiro, V., Caminha, C., Furtado, E., & Mafra, M. (2019). E-Totem: Digital locative media to support e-participation in cities. International Journal of Electronic Government Research, 15(3), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJEGR.2019070101
Gagliardi, D., Schina, L., Sarcinella, M. L., Mangialardi, G., Niglia, F., & Corallo, A. (2017). Information and communication technologies and public participation: Interactive maps and value added for citizens. Government Information Quarterly, 34(1), 153–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2016.09.002
Gallo, D. S., Cardonha, C., Avegliano, P., & Carvalho, T. C. (2014). Taxonomy of citizen sensing for intelligent urban infrastructures. IEEE Sensors Journal, 14(12), 4154–4164. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2014.2360128
Gao, M., & Tian, Y. (2020). Construction of public participation cloud platform for industrial heritage protection under the background of smart city. In 2020 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Computer Engineering (ICAICE) (pp. 124–129). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAICE51518.2020.00030
Ghosh, B., & Arora, S. (2022). Smart as (un)democratic? The making of a smart city imaginary in Kolkata, India. Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space, 40(1), 318–339. https://doi.org/10.1177/23996544211027583
van Gils, B. A. M., & Bailey, A. (2021). Revisiting inclusion in smart cities: Infrastructural hybridization and the institutionalization of citizen participation in Bengaluru’s peripheries. International Journal of Urban Sciences, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.2021.1938640
Goldsmith, S., & Crawford, S. (2014). The responsive city: Engaging communities through data-smart governance (1st ed.). 
Götzelmann, T., & Kreimeier, J. (2020). Participation of elderly people in smart city planning by means of virtual reality. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, 553–554. https://doi.org/10.1145/3389189.3397649
Hatuka, T., & Zur, H. (2020). Who is the ‘smart’ resident in the digital age? The varied profiles of users and non-users in the contemporary city. Urban Studies, 57(6), 1260–1283. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098019835690
Hivon, J., & Titah, R. (2017). Conceptualizing citizen participation in open data use at the city level. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 11(1). 
Hojda, A., Dallabon Fariniuk, T. M., & Batista Simao, M. de M. (2019). Building a smart city with trust: The case of “156 central” of Curitiba-Brazil. Economía, Sociedad y Territorio, 19(60), 79–108. https://doi.org/10.22136/est20191298
Ietto, B., Eisenhut, K., Muth, R., Rabe, J., & Tschorsch, F. (2022). Transparency in digital-citizens interfaces through blockchain technology: BBBlockchain for participation processes in urban planning. In IEEE European Technology and Engineering Management Summit (E-TEMS) (pp. 65–71). https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9944504/
Jang, S., & Gim, T.-H. T. (2022). Considerations for encouraging citizen participation by information-disadvantaged groups in smart cities. Sustainable Cities and Society, 76, 103437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.103437
Kamnuansilpa, P., Laochankham, S., Crumpton, C. D., & Draper, J. (2020). Citizen awareness of the smart city: A study of Khon Kaen, Thailand. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(7), 497–508. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no7.497
Kang, C., & Oh, P. H. (2022). A design of technological infrastructure for citizen participation in public value co-creation. In International Conference on Public Management and Intelligent Society (PMIS 2022) (pp. 677–689). https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-016-9_69
Kashef, M., Visvizi, A., & Troisi, O. (2021). Smart city as a smart service system: Human-computer interaction and smart city surveillance systems. Computers in Human Behavior, 124, 106923. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.106923
Khan, Z., Abbasi, A. G., & Pervez, Z. (2020). Blockchain and edge computing-based architecture for participatory smart city applications. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, 32(12), e5566. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.5566
Khan, Z., Kiani, S. L., & Soomro, K. (2014). A framework for cloud-based context-aware information services for citizens in smart cities. Journal of Cloud Computing, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-014-0014-4
Kim, N., & Yang, S. (2021). Characteristics of conceptually related smart cities (CRSCs) services from the perspective of sustainability. Sustainability, 13(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063334
Kitchin, R., Cardullo, P., & Di Feliciantonio, C. (2019). Citizenship, justice, and the right to the smart city. In The right to the smart city (pp. 1–24). Emerald Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78769-139-120191001
Kopackova, H., & Komarkova, J. (2020). Participatory technologies in smart cities: What citizens want and how to ask them. Telematics and Informatics, 47, 101325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2019.101325
Koukofikis, A., & Coors, V. (2021). A visual analytics web platform for detecting high wind energy potential in urban environments by employing OGC standards. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 10(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10100707
Kraus, S., Breier, M., Lim, W. M., Dabić, M., Kumar, S., Kanbach, D., … Ferreira, J. J. (2022). Literature reviews as independent studies: Guidelines for academic practice. Review of Managerial Science, 16(8), 2577–2595. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-022-00588-8
Laenens, W., Mariën, I., & Walravens, N. (2019). Participatory action research for the development of e-inclusive smart cities. Architecture and Culture, 7(3), 457–471. https://doi.org/10.1080/20507828.2019.1679447
Latifi, G. R., Monfared, M. P., & Khojasteh, H. A. (2020). Gamification and citizen motivation and vitality in smart cities: A qualitative meta-analysis study. GeoJournal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-020-10295-0
Lee, J., & Lee, H. (2014). Developing and validating a citizen-centric typology for smart city services. Government Information Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2014.01.010
Lee, J. Y., Woods, O., & Kong, L. (2020). Towards more inclusive smart cities: Reconciling the divergent realities of data and discourse at the margins. Geography Compass, 14(9). https://doi.org/10.1111/gec3.12504
Lim, S. B., & Yigitcanlar, T. (2022). Participatory governance of smart cities: Insights from e-participation of Putrajaya and Petaling Jaya, Malaysia. Smart Cities, 5(1), 71–89. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities5010005
Lung-Amam, W., Bierbaum, A. H., Parks, S., Knaap, G. J., Sunderman, G., & Stamm, L. (2021). Toward engaged, equitable, and smart communities: Lessons from West Baltimore. Housing Policy Debate, 31(1), 93–111. https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2019.1672082
Madyatmadja, E. D., Nindito, H., & Pristinella, D. (2020). Citizen behavior: The evaluation of complaint application that connected to smart city. Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems, 5(4), 24–29. https://doi.org/10.25046/aj050403
Malek, J. A., Lim, S. B., & Yigitcanlar, T. (2021). Social inclusion indicators for building citizen-centric smart cities: A systematic literature review. Sustainability, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13010376
Mancebo, F. (2020). Smart city strategies: Time to involve people—Comparing Amsterdam, Barcelona and Paris. Journal of Urbanism, 13(2), 133–152. https://doi.org/10.1080/17549175.2019.1649711
Mangnus, A. C., Vervoort, J. M., Renger, W.-J., Nakic, V., Rebel, K. T., Driessen, P. P. J., & Hajer, M. (2022). Envisioning alternatives in pre-structured urban sustainability transformations: Too late to change the future? Cities, 120, 103466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2021.103466
Marimuthu, M., D’Souza, C., & Shukla, Y. (2022). Integrating community value into the adoption framework: A systematic review of conceptual research on participatory smart city applications. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 181, 121779. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121779
Meenar, M., & Kitson, J. (2020). Using multi-sensory and multi-dimensional immersive virtual reality in participatory planning. Urban Science, 4(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci4030034
Michielsen, D., Vande Moere, A., Vannieuwenhuyze, J., Tsoumani, O., Van Der Graaf, S., Claes, S., & Libot, C. (2020). Hyperlocal user-generated video contributions on public displays. In Proceedings of the 9th ACM International Symposium on Pervasive Displays (PerDis 2020) (pp. 55–62). https://doi.org/10.1145/3393712.3395343
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA). Annals of Internal Medicine, 151(4), 264–269. 
Nam, T. (2019). The evolution from ubiquitous to smart cities: A case of Korea. International Journal of Electronic Government Research, 15(3), 59–71. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJEGR.2019070104
Nesti, G. (2017). Living labs: A new tool for co-production? In Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions (pp. 267–281). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44899-2_16
Ni, M. (2022). Digital participation for inclusive growth: A case study of Singapore’s collaborative digital governance model. In Design for Vulnerable Communities (pp. 323–337). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96866-3_17
Oliveira, T. A., Oliver, M., & Ramalhinho, H. (2020). Challenges for connecting citizens and smart cities: ICT, e-governance and blockchain. Sustainability, 12(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12072926
Olszewski, R., & Wendland, A. (2021). Digital Agora—Knowledge acquisition from spatial databases, geoinformation society VGI and social media data. Land Use Policy, 109, 105614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105614
Paiva, M. M. de, Viterbo, J., & Bernardini, F. (2022). Assessing the suitability of social media data for identifying crisis events in smart cities: An exploratory study on flood situations. In Electronic Government (EGOV 2022) (Vol. 13391, pp. 147–162). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15086-9_10
Papadopoulou, C. A., & Hatzichristos, T. (2020). Allocation of residential areas in smart insular communities: The case of Mykonos, Greece. International Journal of E-Planning Research, 9(4), 40–60. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJEPR.2020100103
Parsa, S., Pourahmad, A., Parsa, M., & Piri, E. (2021). Explaining the dimensions and components of smart governance in Tehran. International Journal of European Studies, 5(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijes.20210501.12
Perng, S.-Y. (2019). Hackathons and the practices and possibilities of participation. In P. Cardullo, C. DiFeliciantonio, & R. Kitchin (Eds.), Right to the smart city (pp. 135–149). Emerald. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78769-139-120191010
Pinto, F., Macadar, M. A., & Pereira, G. V. (2022). The potential of e-participation in enlarging individual capabilities: A conceptual framework. Information Technology for Development, 29(2–3), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2022.2136129
Powell, A. B. (2024). Data-based frictions in civic action: Trust, technology, and participation. In Knowledge and Space (Vol. 19, pp. 169–184). Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39101-9_9
Praharaj, S., Han, J. H., & Hawken, S. (2017). Innovative civic engagement and digital urban infrastructure: Lessons from 100 smart cities mission in India. Procedia Engineering, 180, 1423–1432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.04.305
Prandi, C., Melis, A., Prandini, M., Delnevo, G., Monti, L., Mirri, S., & Salomoni, P. (2019). Gamifying cultural experiences across the urban environment. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 78(3), 3341–3364. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-018-6513-4
Roy, J. (2017). Smart cities in Canada: An examination of progress and impediments in Halifax, Canada. International Journal of Services, Technology and Management, 23(5–6), 361–380. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSTM.2017.10009858
Rubasundram, G. A. (2019). The complexity of governing smart cities—An integrated approach. In Advances in Science, Technology and Innovation (pp. 367–377). Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01659-3_43
Russo, F., Calabrò, T., Iiritano, G., Pellicanò, D. S., Petrungaro, G., & Trecozzi, M. R. (2020). City logistics between international vision and local knowledge to sustainable development: The regional role on planning and on public engagement. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 15(5), 619–629. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.150504
Salim, F., & Haque, U. (2015). Urban computing in the wild: A survey on large-scale participation and citizen engagement with ubiquitous computing, cyber-physical systems, and Internet of Things. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 81, 31–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2015.03.003
Salvia, M., Cornacchia, C., Di Renzo, G. C., Braccio, G., Annunziato, M., Colangelo, A., … Lapenna, V. (2016). Promoting smartness among local areas in a Southern Italian region: The Smart Basilicata Project. Indoor and Built Environment, 25(7), 1024–1038. https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326X16659328
Santos, I., Nobre, A. C. B., Ibiapina, J. C., Oliveira, P. R. M., Carvalho, Z. V. N., de Oliveira, A. D. (2018). Strategies and methodologies for civic engagement and social empowerment. In 2017 IEEE 1st Summer School on Smart Cities (S3C 2017) — Proceedings (pp. 157–160). https://doi.org/10.1109/S3C.2017.8501396
Scekic, O., Nastic, S., & Dustdar, S. (2019). Blockchain-supported smart city platform for social value co-creation and exchange. IEEE Internet Computing, 23(1), 19–28. https://doi.org/10.1109/MIC.2018.2881518
Secinaro, S., Brescia, V., Iannaci, D., & Jonathan, G. M. (2021). Does citizen involvement feed on digital platforms? International Journal of Public Administration. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01900692.2021.1887216
Sepasgozar, S. M. E., Hawken, S., Sargolzaei, S., & Foroozanfa, M. (2019). Implementing citizen-centric technology in developing smart cities: A model for predicting the acceptance of urban technologies. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.09.012
Simonofski, A., Asensio, E. S., De Smedt, J., & Snoeck, M. (2019). Hearing the voice of citizens in smart city design: The CitiVoice framework. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 61(6), 665–678. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-018-0547-z
Singh, P., Lynch, F., & Helfert, M. (2024). Enterprise architecture for the transformation of public services based on citizen’s feedback. Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance, 26(1), 38–54. https://doi.org/10.1108/DPRG-11-2022-0123
Soares, C. M., Neto, M. de C., & da Silva, N. B. (2022). Crowdsourced data to improve municipalities’ governance: Sesimbra’s case. In 2022 17th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI). [link needed]
Sontiwanich, P., Boonchai, C., & Beeton, R. J. S. (2022). An unsustainable smart city: Lessons from uneven citizen education and engagement in Thailand. Sustainability, 14(20), 13315. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142013315
Spicer, Z., Goodman, N., & Wolfe, D. A. (2023). How “smart” are smart cities? Resident attitudes towards smart city design. Cities, 141, 104442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2023.104442
Storme, V. Den, & Simonofski, A. (2020). Towards a holistic evaluation of citizen participation in smart cities. [details missing]
Stratigea, A., Papadopoulou, C.-A., & Panagiotopoulou, M. (2015). Tools and technologies for planning the development of smart cities. Journal of Urban Technology, 22(2), 43–62. https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2015.1018725
Szarek-Iwaniuk, P., & Senetra, A. (2020). Access to ICT in Poland and the co-creation of urban space in the process of modern social participation in a smart city—A case study. Sustainability, 12(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12052136
Tadili, J., & Fasly, H. (2019, October 2). Citizen participation in smart cities: A survey. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. https://doi.org/10.1145/3368756.3368976
Taratori, R., Rodriguez-Fiscal, P., Pacho, M. A., Koutra, S., Pareja-Eastaway, M., Thomas, D., … Thomas, D. (2021). Unveiling the evolution of innovation ecosystems: An analysis of triple, quadruple, and quintuple helix model innovation systems in European case studies. Sustainability, 13(14). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147582
Tokareva, S. B., Dikarev, I. S., & Skrynnikova, I. V. (2021). Smart solutions as investment in social and human capital. In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems (Vol. 155, pp. 625–632). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59126-7_70
Treija, S., Bratuškins, U., & Korolova, A. (2022). University-community engagement: Formation of new collaboration patterns in participatory budgeting process. Architecture and Urban Planning, 18(1), 156–165. https://doi.org/10.2478/AUP-2022-0016
Trencher, G. (2019). Towards the smart city 2.0: Empirical evidence of using smartness as a tool for tackling social challenges. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 142, 117–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.07.033
Trivellato, B. (2017). How can “smart” also be socially sustainable? Insights from the case of Milan. European Urban and Regional Studies, 24(4), 337–351. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969776416661016
van der Graaf, S., & Ballon, P. (2019). Navigating platform urbanism. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 142(SI), 364–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.07.027
Vanolo, A. (2019). Playable urban citizenship: Social justice and the gamification of civic life. In P. Cardullo, C. DiFeliciantonio, & R. Kitchin (Eds.), Right to the smart city (pp. 57–69). Emerald. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78769-139-120191004
Viale Pereira, G., Eibl, G., & Parycek, P. (2018). The role of digital technologies in promoting smart city governance. In Companion of the World Wide Web Conference (WWW 2018) (pp. 911–914). https://doi.org/10.1145/3184558.3191517
Vorobeva, O. V., & Manzhula, E. A. (2021). Smartization in Gatchina: A case of a Russian town. International Journal of E-Planning Research, 10(4), 88–103. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJEPR.20211001.oa5
Woods, R., & Berker, T. (2020). Citizen participation in Steinkjer: Stories about the “old NRK building at Lø.” IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 588(3), 032016. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/588/3/032016
Wu, W.-N. (2020). Determinants of citizen-generated data in a smart city: Analysis of 311 system user behavior. Sustainable Cities and Society, 59, 102167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102167
Yaya, M. L. dos S., Rosa, E., Oliveira, G., Brito, P. da S., & Moraes, C. F. (2024). Citizen analysis as a protagonist in the construction of the smart city: A systematic literature review. Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n1-099
Yeh, H. (2017). The effects of successful ICT-based smart city services: From citizens’ perspectives. Government Information Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2017.05.001
Yoo, Y. (2021). Toward sustainable governance: Strategic analysis of the Smart City Seoul Portal in Korea. Sustainability, 13(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13115886
Zhang, J., Li, S., & Wang, Y. (2021). Shaping a smart transportation system for sustainable value co-creation. Information Systems Frontiers, 25(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-021-10139-3
Zhao, M., Lin, Y., & Derudder, B. (2018). Demonstration of public participation and communication through social media in the network society within Shanghai. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 45(3), 529–547. https://doi.org/10.1177/2399808317690154
Zhu, W. L., Yan, R. Z., & Song, Y. (2022). Analysing the impact of smart city service quality on citizen engagement in a public emergency. Cities, 120, 103439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2021.103439