سیاست نوپای انرژی در منطقه شرق آفریقا، مورد کاوی کنیا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

مرکز سیاستگذاری و حقوق انرژی، نفت و مواد معدنی(CEPMLP )، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه داندی، اسکاتلند، انگلستان

چکیده

کشورهای جنوب صحرای آفریقا از منابع طبیعی فراوانی مانند نفت و گاز برخوردارند که بالقوه اقتصاد آنها را از فقر رهایی می دهد. تولیدکنندگان نفت و گاز در صحرای آفریقا سیاست هایی ملی را برای پیشبرد توسعه اقتصادی پایدار و همه جانبه از طریق صنعت نفت و گاز اتخاذ و اجرا کرده اند. این سیاست ها عمدتاً به دلیل بی ثباتی سیاسی، زیرساخت های ضعیف، فساد، کمبود فناوری، کمبود سرمایه، و ناهماهنگی سیاست ها کم کارآمد یا نا کارآمد بوده اند. این نوشتار با استفاده از روش مطالعه موردی، شواهدی را نشان می دهد که سیاست های ملی برای توسعۀ صنایع نفت و گاز در کشورهای جنوب صحرای آفریقا مناسب و کافی نیستند. این مقاله به مرور وضعیت قانونگذاری و سیاستگذاری انرژی از دو جنبه می پردازد؛ اول سیاست گذاری داخلی کنیا و دوم سیاست گذاری منطقه شرق آفریقا با محوریت کنیا به عنوان قطب آتی تولید و صادرات نفت و گاز. سپس نتیجه می گیرد که کشورهای در حال توسعه باید سیاست منطقه ای را در چارچوب وسیع تری نظیر بلوک های اقتصادی منطقه ای اتخاذ و اجرا کنند. از طریق رویکرد منطقه ای، مناطقی مانند جامعۀ آفریقای شرقی می توانند مکانیزم های تأمین مالی و امکانات آموزشی را از طریق تجمیع اقتصادها فراهم کنند. این امر باعث می شود بازارهای داخلی بتوانند از طریق صنایع نفت و گاز با رعایت اصول عدالت یعنی شناخت همۀ ذینفعان، از توزیع برابر مزایا بهره مند شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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